这其实是为人父母的生活：孩子平等的病菌。 They share toys, put things in their mouths, and rub their faces with grubby little hands.他们分享玩具，往嘴里放东西，用小脏手擦脸。 During the fall and winter, schools, day care centers, and other places where children gather act as incubators for colds and the flu.在秋季和冬季，学校，托儿所，以及其他孩子聚集的地方充当感冒和流感的孵化器。 So flu prevention for children is much more complicated than it is for adults.所以流感防治儿童比成年人复杂得多。

What can you do to help make sure little Olivia or Ethan doesn’t bring home a nice big dose of the flu with this week’s art project?你能做些什么来帮助确保小奥利维亚或是伊森在这个星期的美术课后不把重度流感带回家？ Try these tips on flu prevention for children:试试以下提示预防儿童流感：

Teach them to cover their nose and mouth with a tissue when they cough or sneeze.教导他们在咳嗽或打喷嚏时用薄布棉纸类的东西遮掩他们的口鼻。 Then throw the tissue away.然后扔掉。
Wash their hands often with soap and water.经常用肥皂和水洗手。 If you’re out and about, keep an alcohol-based hand sanitizer handy.如果你出门在外，保持酒精类擦手物品以对手部消毒。
Remind kids not to touch their hands, eyesssss, or mouth, a common path for germs to spread.提醒孩子不要触摸自己的手，眼或嘴巴，这是病菌通常传播的途径。 They will forget, so keep reminding.他们会忘记，所以不断提醒。
Don’t send your child to school sick.生病了不送你的孩子上学。 This rule can be hard for busy parents to live by, but ignoring it will just keep the virus spreading.这一规则对艰苦忙碌的父母来说是困难的，但忽视它只会让病毒蔓延。
Above all: Get your children vaccinated!综上所述：让您的孩子接种疫苗！ The flu vaccine is widely available this year, and it can be given to children 6 months old and up.流感疫苗今年被广泛使用，而且可以提供给6个月以上的孩子。 Kids between 6 months and 5 years old are especially vulnerable to flu complications, so it’s particularly important to vaccinate them.6个月至5岁的孩子，是特别容易受到流感侵扰的，所以这是特别重要的接种。

There are two types of vaccine: the flu shot and a nasal spray.有两种类型的流感疫苗：流感针剂和喷鼻剂。 Officials have just lowered the age at which the nasal spray can be prescribed from age 5 to age 2, so if your younger child hates needles (and who doesn’t?), you now have an alternative.官方已经降低适用年龄，其中喷鼻剂，可从5岁到2岁，所以，如果你的年轻孩子讨厌针头（谁不讨厌呢？），你现在有一个替代的方法。

Even if your kids are vaccinated and pros at hand-scrubbing and cough-covering, the flu can sometimes sneak around their defenses.即使您的孩子接种疫苗，并正确擦洗手和咳嗽遮盖，流感，有时仍可以偷偷地侵袭他们。 (And let’s face it, even the best-behaved kids don’t do what parents tell them every single time.) So when your little one is down for the count, coughing, feverish, and achy, how can you make her feel better? （让我们面对它，即使是最乖的孩子也不是每次都听父母的） ，所以当你的小孩，咳嗽，发烧，感觉疼痛，你怎么能够使她感觉好多了？

If symptoms set in less than 48 hours ago, get in to the doctor pronto for a prescription of one of the antiviral flu medications, Tamiflu or Relenza.如果症状出现不到48小时，迅速找医生开处方，包含抗病毒药物如Tamiflu或Relenza。 These medicines are only effective if started within that 48-hour window.这些药只对48小时内发生的流感有效。 If you get antiviral medication in time, you can shorten the duration of the flu by one to two days and lessen its severity.如果你及时得到了抗病毒药物，你可以缩短流感周期一两天，以及减轻其严重程度。
Give plenty of fluids.给予大量液体。 This doesn’t have to be water -- ice pops and soft fruits (melons are great for this) also keep kids hydrated.不一定是水-－冰和软水果（瓜果是很好的，为这点），也能让孩子们不脱水。
Keep your child resting.保证你的孩子休息。 Usually the flu knocks out a child’s energy, but for those who hate to stay still, offer treats like DVDs or new books to make a day in bed attractive.通常流感会让孩子无精打采，但对于那些不喜欢坐着不动的孩子，提供一些如DVD或新书什么的，能使每天呆在床上显得更有吸引力。
Give children’s acetaminophen (Tylenol) for fever and aches.给孩子扑热息痛（乙酰氨基酚）以应对发烧和疼痛。 Never give aspirin without talking to your doctor.没问过你的医生的话别给你的孩子阿司匹林。 Aspirin can cause a serious disease called Reye’s syndrome in children.阿司匹林可引起称为雷氏综合症的严重的儿童疾病。